Effects of Drag Coefficients on Surface Heat Flux during Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014)     

Lei LIU  Guihua WANG  Ze ZHANG  Huizan WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(9):1501-1518

The lack of in situ observations and the uncertainties of the drag coefficient at high wind speeds result in limited understanding of heat flux through the air-sea interface and thus inaccurate estimation of typhoon intensity in numerical models. In this study, buoy observations and numerical simulations from an air-sea coupled model are used to assess the surface heat flux changes and impacts of the drag coefficient parameterization schemes on its simulations during the passage of Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014). Three drag coefficient schemes, which make the drag coefficient increase, level off, and decrease, respectively, are considered. The air-sea coupled model captured both trajectory and intensity changes better than the atmosphere-only model, though with relatively weaker sea surface cooling (SSC) compared to that captured by buoy observations, which led to relatively higher heat flux and thus a stronger typhoon. Different from previous studies, for a moderate typhoon, the coupled simulation with the increasing drag coefficient scheme outputted an intensity most consistent with the observation because of the strongest SSC, reasonable ratio of latent and sensible heat exchange coefficients, and an obvious reduction in the overestimated surface heat flux among all experiments. Results from sensitivity experiments showed that surface heat flux was significantly determined by the drag coefficient-induced SSC rather than the resulting wind speed changes. Only when SSC differs indistinctively (<0.4°C) between the coupled simulations, heat flux showed a weak positive correlation with the drag coefficient-impacted 10-m wind speed. The drag coefficient also played an important role in decreasing heat flux even a long time after the passage of Kalmaegi because of the continuous upwelling from deeper ocean layers driven by the impacted momentum flux through the air-sea interface.  相似文献   

A Sensitivity Study of Arctic Ice-Ocean Heat Exchange to the Three-Equation Boundary Condition Parametrization in CICE6     

Lei YU  Jiping LIU  Yongqi GAO  Qi SHU 《大气科学进展》2022,39(9):1398-1416

In this study, we perform a stand-alone sensitivity study using the Los Alamos Sea ice model version 6 (CICE6) to investigate the model sensitivity to two Ice-Ocean (IO) boundary condition approaches. One is the two-equation approach that treats the freezing temperature as a function of the ocean mixed layer (ML) salinity, using two equations to parametrize the IO heat exchanges. Another approach uses the salinity of the IO interface to define the actual freezing temperature, so an equation describing the salt flux at the IO interface is added to the two-equation approach, forming the so-called three-equation approach. We focus on the impact of the three-equation boundary condition on the IO heat exchange and associated basal melt/growth of the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. Compared with the two-equation simulation, our three-equation simulation shows a reduced oceanic turbulent heat flux, weakened basal melt, increased ice thickness, and reduced sea surface temperature (SST) in the Arctic. These impacts occur mainly at the ice edge regions and manifest themselves in summer. Furthermore, in August, we observed a downward turbulent heat flux from the ice to the ocean ML in two of our three-equation sensitivity runs with a constant heat transfer coefficient (0.006), which caused heat divergence and congelation at the ice bottom. Additionally, the influence of different combinations of heat/salt transfer coefficients and thermal conductivity in the three-equation approach on the model simulated results is assessed. The results presented in this study can provide insight into sea ice model sensitivity to the three-equation IO boundary condition for coupling the CICE6 to climate models.  相似文献   

1979—2013年北太平洋海表面盐度变化及其与淡水通量的关系          下载免费PDF全文

魏翔  智海  方祝骏 《大气科学学报》2021,44(5):754-763

利用海洋再分析资料,对北太平洋海表面盐度（Sea Surface Salinity,SSS）变化及其与淡水通量（Fresh Water Flux,FWF）的关系进行研究。结果表明：1914—2013年SSS存在增大趋势,且有25～30 a的周期变化;1979—2013年SSS存在先减小后增大趋势,且有7～12 a的周期变化。北太平洋SSS变化的活跃区域位于黑潮及其延伸区（A区）和北太平洋中部偏东地区（B区）。A区和B区SSS在2000年之前存在减小趋势,在2000—2009年出现明显增大趋势。A区和B区SSS变化与北太平洋FWF变化显著相关,其中A区SSS受局地FWF影响较大（最大相关系数出现在FWF超前16个月）,B区SSS受局地FWF影响较小（最大相关系数出现在FWF超前20个月）。北太平洋FWF与A区SSS的相关表明：它们存在较大范围的正相关区,正相关区主要位于黑潮延伸区（A区东部）,且正相关大值区随着FWF超前时间缩短而向东移动。对应于北太平洋温度年代际变化,SSS也存在显著的年代际变化,并且北太平洋关键区盐度变化能够表征北太平洋气候变率,它可以作为北太平洋气候变率的替代指数。  相似文献   

ENSO对MJO传播特征演变的影响          下载免费PDF全文

龙雨青  张雪莹  麦博儒 《热带气象学报》2022,38(3):410-421

利用TRMM降水和ERA-Interim温度、比湿、环流场等再分析资料, 探讨了在1998-2018年冬季年际尺度海温变化对MJO的强度、结构和传播特征的影响。主要结论如下: 通过一种追踪MJO的方法在研究时间范围内共可挑选出50个MJO事件, 其中有14个MJO事件发生在El Ni?o期间, 25个发生在La Ni?a期间, 11个发生在ENSO正常年。El Ni?o年MJO会传播至更远的中东太平洋附近, 而La Ni?a年MJO事件趋于在西太平洋地区消亡, 这主要与东太平洋地区持续的季节内尺度的经向水汽输送有关。此外, 在印度洋和太平洋地区, El Ni?o年的MJO活动更强, 而在海洋性大陆附近, La Ni?a年的MJO活动略强一些。ENSO对MJO强度的影响主要通过影响MJO对流中心东侧水汽的输送, 水汽在异常东风气流的输送下穿过对流中心东边界进入对流中心, 进而造成MJO活动强度的差异。   相似文献   

珠江口磨刀门整治前后水动力数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吕海滨  吴超羽  刘斌 《海洋科学》2006,30(11):58-63

磨刀门是珠江的主要泄洪通道之一,径流分配居珠江三角洲八大口门之首。利用磨刀门1977年地形(大规模整治前)和2003年的地形,通过ECOMSED模型模拟了磨刀门海域洪枯季节水动力场,对潮流、余流、潮能通量特性进行了对比,发现整治后磨刀门水动力强度加大,而且流速滩槽分异明显,余流场与落潮流方向一致。20世纪70年代,余流自口门出来后在内海区右偏,现在磨刀门水道余流偏向西部浅滩;潮能通量密度加大,滩槽分布差异明显。  相似文献   

长江中下游6月份降水的一个预报指标     

赵永平  陈永利 《海洋科学》1995,19(1):39-42

根据１９６３－１９９２年嵊山海洋站２月海气感热输送和２２ａ太阳磁周期与降水的关系，提出了一个长江中下游６月降水的综合预报指标，用此指标，对１９９３年６月长江中下游降水进行回报，结果与实况一致。  相似文献   

台湾海峡海流结构及海水通量     

傅子琅  胡建宇 《热带海洋学报》1995,(3)

主要根据台湾海峡的实测海流资料，以夏、冬为代表季节，分析了台湾海峡２—３个纬向断面的海流结构，计算出各断面的海水通量。结果表明：夏季，台湾海峡中、北部海域各层的海流一般偏Ｎ向流动，Ｎ向的海水净通量为３．３２×１０６ｍ３·ｓ－１；冬季，高温高盐的黑潮水和南海水由南向北经南部断面进入台湾海峡，其海水通量分别为１．６９×１０６ｍ３·ｓ－１和０．５９×１０６ｍ３·ｓ－１；而东海水由北向南通过北部断面进入台湾海峡，其海水通量为１．０２×１０６ｍ３·ｓ－１，其中，有０．４０×１０６ｍ３·ｓ－１的海水沿着福建和广东近岸流进南海，其余０．６２×１０６ｍ３·ｓ－１的海水在台湾海峡北部混合后随同黑潮水和南海水流入东海。总之，流经台湾海峡的Ｎ向海水净通量为１．７４×１０６ｍ３·ｓ－１。  相似文献   

Exchange flow of oil and sea-water in a ruptured submarine pipeline     

C. Kranenburg 《Applied Ocean Research》1984,6(1):23-30

The rupture of a submarine oil pipeline starts various mechanisms leading to an oil spill. Among these mechanisms the leakage of oil driven by the difference in specific gravities of oil and sea-water is difficult to estimate. A simple mathematical model has been developed and laboratory experiments have been carried out to obtain an insight into the density-driven exchange flow and to determine the leak rate. The mathematical model is predictive and takes account of the effects of friction, inclination of the pipeline, and inertia of the fluid. The experiments were done in a horizontal model pipeline. Theoretical and experimental results are in satisfactory agreement.  相似文献   

南黄海夏季海水pCO2研究Ⅱ--下层海水涌升和长江冲淡水对海-气界面CO2通量的贡献     

江春波  张龙军  王峰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(Z1):147-152

根据2001年7月对南黄海的大面积调查,研究了南黄海夏季pCO2的分布机制,着重讨论下层海水涌升和长江冲淡水对海-气界面CO2通量的贡献,并给出了南黄海海-气界面CO2通量。研究结果表明:夏季南黄海总体上是CO2的1个弱源,大约向大气中释放45.05×104t C。夏季南黄海表层海水pCO2分布表现出了极大的不均性,其汇区主要由长江冲淡水造成,影响区域占汇区吸收CO2的99.9%;而在源区,下层海水涌升虽然面积较小却占源区释放CO2的35.2%。可见陆架边缘海区源/汇格局的地域差异非常之特别。  相似文献   

WATER MASS FORMATION IN THE SOUTH INDIAN OCEAN BY AIR-SEA FLUXES     

Ming Feng 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(6):16-21

1Introduction　TheIndianCentralWater (ICW) ,formedandsubductedintheSubtropicalConvergenceintheSouthIndianOcean ,occupiesasignificantportionofthethermoclineintheIndianOcean[1,2 ]　 (Fig .1 ) .TheSubantarcticModeWater(SAMW)isformedinthe 2 6.5-2 7.1σθrangenorthoftheSub antarcticFront—thesouthernboundaryofthesubtropicalgyres[3]　 .InthesoutheastIndianO cean ,theSAMWisthethickest,ventilatedasathicklayerofhighoxygenextendingtothetropicalIndianOcean[4 ,5 ]　 .　Watermasstransformation…  相似文献